Q: What clinical publications are available for the ConMed Dolphin ONE™?
A: They include:
– Photo-plethysmogram Morphology and Atherosclerosis. A.B. Kumar, B.B. Shah, J.E. Scharf. Presented at 28th Annual Gulf Atlantic Anesthesia Resident Research Conference (GAARRC) Apr 2002.
– Comparison of Motion Artifact Rejection Performance During Hypoxemia in Advanced Technology Pulse Oximeters. S. Johnson, T. Scharf, J.E. Scharf. 10/7/01.
• At a Glance
• Short Version
• Full Version
– Performance of the 2100 Pulse Oximeter During a Hypoxemic Breathe-down in Adults. J.E. Scharf, T. Scharf, S. Johnson, B. Shah. 10/7/01.
• Short Version
• Full Version
– When Pulse Oximeters Fail: Motion and Low Perfusion. J.E. Cooke. Presented at American Society of Anesthesiologists Conference Oct 2000.
Q: What clinical publications are available for the ConMed Dolphin ONE™ Voyager™?
A: They include the following:
– Dolphin Voyager Pulse Oximeter with Dolphin ONE Adult Disposable Sensor
S. Johnson, T. Scharf, J.E. Scharf.
7/16/02.
– Dolphin Voyager Pulse Oximeter with Dolphin ONE Neonatal Disposable Sensor
S. Johnson, T. Scharf, J.E. Scharf.
7/16/02.
– Dolphin Voyager Pulse Oximeter with Dolphin ONE Reusable Finger Clip Sensor - Milwaukee. S. Johnson, T. Scharf, J.E. Scharf.
7/16/02.
– Dolphin Voyager Pulse Oximeter with Dolphin ONE Reusable Finger Clip Sensor - UCSF. B. Shah, S. Johnson, T. Scharf, J.E. Scharf.
7/16/02.
– Pulse Oxygenation Falls with Arm Position Change. J.E. Cooke, J.W. Johansen. Presented at the Society for Technology in Anesthesia Conference Jan 2002.
– Tolerance of Portable Pulse Oximeters to Motion and Low Perfusion. J.E. Cooke. Presented at the Society for Technology in Anesthesia Conference Jan 2002.
Q: Why is digital signal processing useful in pulse oximetry?
A: With traditional pulse oximeter technologies, photo-plethysmogram signals are absent or too weak to be interpreted for > 10 minutes in 9.2% of all surgical procedures.
Intra-operative predictors of pulse oximeter failure are:
– ASA Physical Status > 2
– Orthopedic, vascular or cardiac surgery
– Hypothermia < 34 C
– Hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 70 mmHg)
– Hypertension (mean arterial pressure > 110 mmHG)
– Prolonged duration of surgery (> 2 hours)
The goal of digital signal processing in pulse oximetry is to improve the performance of pulse oximeters during many of the problem low perfusion scenarios documented by Reich as listed below.
– Predictors of Pulse Oximetry Data Failure. D.L. Reich, A. Timcenko, C.A. Bodian, J. Kraidin, J. Hofman, M. DePerio, S.N. Konstadt, T. Kurki, J.B. Elsenkraft. Anesthesiology 1996; 84(4): 859-64.
– Signal Processing Methods for Pulse Oximetry T.L. Rusch, R. Sankar, J.E. Scharf. Computer Biological Medicine 1996 Vol. 26, No. 2: 143-159.
Q: How are digital signal processing concepts implemented in ConMed’s Dolphin ONE™ oximeter technology?
A: This issue is discussed in the following conference reports:
– Direct Digital Capture of Pulse Oximetry Waveforms. J.E. Scharf, S. Athan. Proceedings of the Twelfth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference. April 2-4, 1993; 93TH0525-6: 230-32.
– Optimization of Portable Pulse Oximetry Through Fourier Analysis. J.E. Scharf, T.L. Rusch. Proceedings of the Twelfth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference. April 2-4, 1993; 93TH0525-6: 233-35.
– Pulse Oximetry Through Spectral Analysis. J.E. Scharf, S. Athan, D. Cain. Proceedings of the Twelfth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference. April 2-4, 1993; 93TH0525-6: 227-29.
Q: What decontaminants are good for removing Hepatitis C?
A: This can be accomplished with cidex / glutaraldehyde to decrease susceptibility to Hepatits C transmission and other viral and bacterial infectious diseases.
– High Level Disinfection and Reusable Pulse Oximetry Sensors. J.E. Scharf, B. Shah. 9/29/01.
• Short Version
• Full Version
The desire for pulse oximeter sensors with the capability of high level disinfection is quite evident.
– Blood Contamination of Anesthesia Equipment and Monitoring Equipment. J.R. Hall. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1994; 78: 1136-1139.
– Contamination by Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Dental Surgeries. M. Piazza, V. Guadagnino, L. Picciotto, G. Borgia, S. Nappa. British Medical Journal 1987; 295: 473-474.
– Detection of Hepatitis C Virus-RNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Dental Surgeries. M. Piazza, G. Borgia, L. Picciotto, S. Nappa, S. Cicciarello, R. Orlando. Journal of Medical Virology 1995; 45: 40-42.
– Frequent Patient-to-Patient Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus in a Hematology Ward. T. Allander, A. Gruber, M. Naghavi, A. Beyene, T. Soderstrom, M. Bjorkholm, L. Grillner, M. Persson. The Lancet 1995 Vol. 345: 603-607.
– Recommendations for Infection Control for the Practice of Anesthesiology. American Society of Anesthesiologists 1999.
– Residual Bacterial Contamination on Reusable Pulse Oximetry Sensors. M.C. Wilkins. The Journal for Respiratory Care Practitioners 1993; 38(11): 1155-1160.
– Sensor Selection in Pulse Oximetry. M.J. Mahlmeister. The Journal for Respiratory Care Practitioners December/January 1998.
– The Prevalence of Visible and/or Occult Blood on Anesthesia and Monitoring Equipment. S.M. Perry, W.P. Monaghan. AANA Journal February 2001; Vol. 69; No. 1: 44-48.
– Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus from a Patient to and Anesthesiology Assistant to Five Patients. R.S. Ross, S. Viazov, T. Gross, F. Hofmann, H.M. Seipp, M. Roggendorf. New England Journal of Medicine 2000 Vol. 343, No. 25: 1851-1854.
Q: What innovative sensors are in development at ConMed?
A: We are currently evaluating the characteristics of reflectance and esophogeal probes.
– Green Light Photoplethysmography Monitoring of Free Flaps. N.D. Futran, B.C. Stack, C. Hollenbeak, J.E. Scharf. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery 2000; 126: 659-662.
– Transesophageal Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with Extensive Burn Injury. S. Borum. Anesthesiology 1998; 88: 1416-1417.
– Transesophageal Versus Surface Pulse Oximetry in Intensive Care Unit Patients
M.N. Vicenzi, H. Gombotz, H. Krenn, C. Dorn, P. Rehak. Critical Care Medicine 2000 Vol. 28, No. 7: 2268-2270.
Q: Is esophageal pulse oximetry useful and accurate?
A: Please refer to the following articles:
– A System for Investigating Esophageal Photoplethysmographic Signals in Anesthetised Patients. P. Kyriacou, A.R. Moye, A. Gregg, D.M.A. Choi, R.M. Langford, D.P. Jones. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 1999; 37: 639-643.
– Investigation of the Human Esophagus as a New Monitoring Site for Blood Oxygen Saturation. P.A. Kyriacou, A.R. Moye, D.M.A. Choi, R.M. Langford, D.P. Jones. Physiol. Meas. 2001; 22: 223-232.
Q: How can raw photo-plethysmogram data be utilized in specialized clinical monitoring scenarios?
A: Please refer to the following articles:
– Assessment of Vasoactive Agents and Vascular Aging by the Second Derivative of Photoplethysmogram Waveform. K. Takazawa, N. Tanaka, M. Fujita, O. Matsuoka, T. Saiki, M. Aikawa, S. Tamura, C. Ibukiyama. Hypertension 1998; 32: 365-370.
– Different Responses of Ear and Finger Pulse Oximetry Wave Form to Cold Pressor Test. A.A. Awad, A. Ghobashy, W. Ouda, R.G. Stout, D.G. Silverman, K.H. Shelley. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2001; 92: 1483-1486.
– Clinical Monitoring: Practical Applications for Anesthesia and Critical Care. C.L. Lake, R.L. Hines, C.D. Blitt; W B Saunders Co 2001; Chapter 23; "Pulse Oximeter Waveform: Photelectric Plethysmography", K. Shelley, S. Shelley.
Q: Why would the ConMed Dolphin ONE™ Voyager / Pocket PC pulse oximeter combination be useful during hospital transport scenarios?
A: Please refer to the following articles:
– Ambulatory Surgery: Room Air Versus Nasal Cannula Oxygen During Transport After General Anesthesia. D. Mathes, M.R. Conaway, W.T. Ross. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2001; 93: 917-921.
– Continuous Monitoring of Arterial Oxygen Saturation with Pulse Oximetry during Transfer to the Recovery Room. I.L. Tyler, B. Tantisira, P.M. Winter, E.K. Motoyama. Anesthesiology 1985; 64: 1108-12.
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